Novel Dihydroquinoline Derivatives Facile Synthesis

Novel Dihydroquinoline Derivatives Facile Synthesis Facile synthesis of novel dihydroquinoline-3,3-dicarbonitriles in the presence of glacial aceticacid as catalyst under solvent-free conditions Masoud Nasr-Esfahani* and Elham Kanaani Department of Chemistry, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran Abstract A series of novel dihydroquinoline derivatives were synthesized using malononitrile, 2-aminobenzoic acid and benzaldehydes in the presence of a catalytic amount of acetic acid, without the use of any additional co-catalyst, under solvent-free conditions. The reaction is characterized by high efficiency, easy workup, simple purification of the products and availability of catalyst. Keywords: Dihydroquinoline derivatives, Acetic acid, Malononitrile, 2-Aminobenzoic acid, solvent-free Introduction Heterocyclic compounds including nitrogen, have an important role in organic chemistry. Among these compounds, the quinoline derivatives have attracted great attention because of their application in biological and pharmacological fields. They act as antimalarial,[1-3] anti-psychotic,[4] antihypertensive,[5] anti-parasitic,[6] anthelmintic,[7] antitubercular,[8] antiasthmatic,9] antifungals,[10,11] anticancer,[12] anti-inflammatory,[13] anti-HIV,[14] anti-AIDS,[15] and antineoplastic.[16]A few promising compounds with quinoline ring system are shown as 13 compounds (Fig. 1). Furthermore, quinoline derivatives can be used in the synthesis of fungicides, biocides, alkaloids and flavoring agents,[17] as well as these compounds find use in manufacturing a wide variety of food and lake colors. They could generate a sharp green electroluminescence and have the high quantum efficiency of emission in the blue and the green region.[18] Therefore, in regard to these observations and importance of pharmaceutical and biological of these compounds, herein we study the solvent-free synthesis of novel dihydroquinoline derivatives in presence of glacial acetic acid as catalyst. In the context of green chemistry, the development of clean technologies is very important in organic and medicinal chemistry. The use of available and nontoxic catalysts and replacing solution reactions with solvent-free ones are some cases that can help reduction and elimination of harmful effects of chemical reactions.[19] The volatile nature and toxicity of many organic solvents that are widely used for organic reactions have propounded a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, in recent years, the design of solid-state reaction has received much attention from the eco-friendly synthesis viewpoint.   Solvent-free techniques represent several significant synthetic benefits including savings in money, time and products, and simplicity of the experimental procedure and work-up technique. In recent times application of nontoxic catalysts such as glacial acetic acid in chemical reactions has been an area of interest. Acetic acid is an excellent polar protic solvent and can act as a mild and efficient catalyst for the promotion of the organic reactions. Other factors that stimulate the use of acetic acid include the price of catalyst and simplicity of the work-up procedure. In this research, we report the synthesis of 4-oxo-2-aryl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3,3(4H)-dicarbonitriles, that involves two steps, in presence of glacial acetic acid under solvent-free conditions. AcOH is an efficient, inexpensive and available acid and in recent decades has been recognizing as a mild catalyst in organic synthesis.[20] Results and Discussion In continuation of our studies in the development of the synthetic methodologiesfor the preparing of fine chemicals and heterocyclic compounds of biological importance,[21-25] herein, we were interested in reporting the synthesis of novel dihydroquinoline derivatives in the presence of the glacial acetic acid as a mild and efficient catalyst. This synthesis involves two steps: firstly, 2-(2-aminobenzoyl) malononitrile intermediate (6) was synthesized via the glacial acetic acid-catalyzed reaction of 2-aminobenzoic acid (4) with malononitrile (5) under solvent-free condition. Subsequently, the novel dihydroquinoline derivatives (8)were prepared by addition of benzaldehyde derivatives (7) to the mixture reaction and attack on the intermediate 6 and followed by intermolecular cyclization (Scheme 1, Table 1). The main advantage ofthis reaction that was carried out with AcOH is that the percentage of peripheral products was low and the recrystallization was also much easier. The 1H NMR spectrum of 8b showed a singlet identified as CH (ÃŽÂ ´ = 4.263 ppm), and a signal at ÃŽÂ ´ 7.831 ppm for NH group. The signals appearing in the 7.308-8.197 ppm are assigned for aromatic rings protons. The proton decoupled 13CNMR spectrum of 8b compound exhibited 14 distinct resonances that confirmed the proposed structure. The infrared spectra (IR) of these compounds show NH bonds appearing at 3388-3453 cm-1. The bands found at 2210-2229 cm-1 are attributed to the CN groups. The intense bands appearing at 1695-1700 cm-1 are assigned to carbonyl groups. The peaks in the region of 1025-1350 cm-1 are assigned for à Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (C-N) stretching vibration. The proposed mechanism in which acetic acid has catalyzed this conversion was depicted in Scheme 3. Initially, the proton of acetic acid activates carbonyl group of 2-aminobenzoic acid (3) to achieve intermediate 9 and thus increases the electrophilicity carbonyl carbon of acid. In the following, nucleophilic addition of intermediate 10 was done by intermediate 9 and following the loss of H2O intermediate 6 was produced. In the next step, with the addition of an aromatic aldehyde to the reaction mixture, the carbonyl group of aldehyde   was activated by acetic acid to give intermediate 11 thus increases the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon of aldehyde 7 . The reaction proceeds by nucleophilic addition of the amino group of 6 to the activated aldehyde to afford intermediate 12 and following loss of H2O intermediate 13 was produced. Finally, with intermolecular cyclization of intermediate 13 the product 8 was produced (Scheme 2). Conclusions In summary, a novel class of dihydroquinoline derivatives 8 was obtained using 2-aminobenzoic acid, malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes in presence of AcOH as catalyst under solvent-free conditions. These novel compounds as potentially useful compounds with possible biological and pharmaceutical activities can be applied in various fields such as medicinal and agricultural areas. The most important features of this protocol are an inexpensive and available catalyst, simple purification, easy work-up, with the desired products being isolated in excellent yields. Experimental Section Chemicals and reagents were purchased from Merck, Fluka, and Aldrichchemical companiesand were used without further purification. IR spectra were recorded applying a FT-IR JASCO-680 spectrophotometer in KBr with absorptions in cm-1. The 1H NMR (400 MHz) and 13C NMR (100 MHz) spectra were recorded on a Bruker 400 MHz Ultrashield spectrometer in DMSO-d6 solution with TMS as an internal standard. Mass spectra were recorded by the Fisons Trio 1000 (70 ev). All melting points were measured on a Barnstead Electrothermal (BI 9300) apparatus in open capillary tubes and all are uncorrected. The progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). General procedure for the synthesis of dihydroquinoline derivatives using AcOH Firstly, a mixture of malononitrile 5 (1.0 mmol, 0.06 g), 2-aminobenzoic acid 4 (1.0 mmol, 0.14 g) and glacial acetic acid (o.2 ml), was heated at 80  °C under solvent-free conditions with concomitant stirring for the 6 h (reactions were monitored by TLC). Subsequently, with the formation of intermediate 6, aromatic aldehyde 7 (1.0 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for the suitable time (reactions were monitored by TLC). After completion of the reaction, ethyl acetate was added and the obtained mixture filtered and then washed with water. After that, the obtained crude products were recrystallized in ethyl acetate to afford the pure product in 70-87% yields (table 1). The products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3,3(4H)-dicarbonitrile (8a): Brown solid, Mp: 238-240  °C;IR (KBr, cm-1): 3440, 3165, 2225, 1695, 1509, 1417, 1344, 1203, 1160, 833, 572; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8.39 (t, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz, aromatic CH), 8.30 (d, 1H, J = 7.6 Hz, aromatic CH), 8.15 (t, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz, aromatic CH), 8.07 (s, 1H, NH), 7.91 (t, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz, aromatic CH), 7.69-7.63 (m, 2H, aromatic CH ), 4.62 (s, 1H, CH); 13C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6): 203.81, 162.54, 149.23, 148.75, 138.52, 131.44, 129.52, 126.17, 124.65, 118.15, 116.19, 111.06, 60.24, 56.02; MS (m/z): 318.1[C17H10N4O3]+, 293.1 [C16H11N3O3]+, 246.1 [C16H12N3]+, 234.1 [C16H12NO]+, 184.1 [C11H8N2O]+, 277, 170, 127, 101, 89, 75. Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Yasouj University for supporting this work. SUPPORTING INFORMATION Experimental method, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass and MP for this article can be found via the Supplementary Content section of this articles webpage. Broom, A. D.; Shim, J. L.; Anderson, G. L. J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 1095. References Kaur, K.; Jain, M.; Reddy, R. P.; Jain, R. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 45, 3245-3264. Marella, A.; Tanwar, O. P.; Saha, R.; Ali, M. R.; Srivastava, S.; Akhter, M.; Shaquiquzzaman, M.; Alam, M. M.   Saudi.   Pharm. J. 2013, 21, 1-12. Wang, X. S.; Zhang, M. M.; Jiang, H.; Yao, C. S.; TU, S. J. Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 4439-4449. Li, K.; Li, Y.; Zhou, D.; Fan, Y.; Guo, H.; Ma, T.; Wen, J.; Liu, D.; Zhao, L. Bioorg.   Med. Chem. 2016, 24,1889-1897. Eswaran, S.; Adhikari, A. V.; Chowdhury, I. H.; Pal, N. K.; Thomas, K. D. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 45, 3374-3383. Ulahannan, R. T.; Panicker, C. Y.; Varghese, H. T.; Musiol, R.; Jampilek, J.; Alsenoy, C. V.; War, J. A.; Srivastave, S. K. Spectrochim. Acta. A. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2015, 151, 184-197. Ortiz-Cervantes, C.; Flores-Alamo, M.; Garcia, J. J. Tetrahedron lett. 2016, 57, 766-771. Almansour, A. I.; Arumugam, N.; Kumar, R. S.; Menendez, J. C.; Ghabbour, H. A.; Fun, H. K.; Kumar, R. R. Tetrahedron lett. 2015, 56, 6900- 6903. Ghaffari Khaligh, N. Chin. J. Catal. 2014, 35, 474-480. Safaei-Ghomi, J.; Ghasemzadeh, M. A. J. Nanostruct. 2012, 1, 243-248. R. Musiol, J. Jampilek, V. Buchta, L, Silva, H, Niedbala, B. Podeszwa, A. Palka, K. Mejerz- Maniecka, B. Oleksyn, J. Polanski, Antifungal properties of new series of quinoline derivatives, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2006, 14, 3592- 3598. M. M. Ghorab, F. A. Ragab, H. I. Heiba, R. K. Arafa, E. M. El-Hossary, In vitro anticancer screening and radiosensitizing evaluation of some new quinolines and pyrimido[4,5-b] quinolines bearing a sulfonamide moiety, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 45, 3677-3684. Ch. Yu, H. Zhang, Ch. Yao, T. Li, B. Qin, J. Lu, D. Wang, One-pot three-component synthesis of benzo[f]thiopyrano[3,4-b]quinolin-11(8H)-one derivatives, J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2014, 51, 702-705. J. H. Peng, R. H. Jia, N. Ma, G. Zhang, F. Y. Wu, A facile and expeditious microwave-assisted synthesis of furo [3,4-b]indeno[2,1-f]quinolin-1-one derivatives via multicomponent reaction, J. Heterocycl. Chem. 2013, 50, 899-902. C. Benard, F. Zouhiri, M. Normand-Bayle, M. Danet, D. Desmaele, H. Leh, J. F. Mouscadet, G. Mbemba, C. M. Thomas, S. Bonnenfant, M. Le Bret, J. dAngelo, Linker-modified quinoline derivatives targeting HIV-1 integrase: synthesis and biological activity, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2004, 14, 2473-2476. X. Xu, W. Liu, Zh. Wang, Y. Feng, Y. Yan, X. Zhang, Silver-catalyzed one-step synthesis of multiply substituted quinolines, Tetrahedron Lett. 2016, 57, 226-229. S. P. Shirame, S. Y. Jadhav, R. B. Bhosale,   Design and synthesis of 1,2,3- triazole quinoline analogues via click chemistry approach and their antimicrobial, antioxidant activites, Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 2014, 7, 163-165. Y. T. Tao, E. Balasubramanian, A. Danel, B, Jarosz, P. Tomasik, Sharp green electroluminescence from IH-pyrazolo[3,4,b]quinoline-based light-emitting diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77, 1575-1577. M. Nasr-Esfahani, M. Montazerozohori, M. Taei, Aluminatesulfunic acid: Novel and recyclable nanocatalyst for efficient synthesis of aminoalkyl naphthols and amidoalkyl naphthols, C. R. Chim. 2016, 19, 986-994. M.   El-Sayed, K. Mahmoud, A. Hilgeroth, Glacial acetic acid as an efficient catalyst for simple synthesis of dindolymethans, Curr. Chem. Lett. 2014, 3, 7-14. M. Nasr-Esfahani, Z. Rafiee, M. Montazerozohori, H. Kashi, A highly efficient magnetic solid acid nanocatalyst for the synthesis of new bulky heterocyclic compounds, RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 47298- 47313. M. Nasr-Esfahani, M. Montazerozohori, M. Aghel-Mirrzaee, H. Kashi, Efficient and green catalytic synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone (thione) derivatives using cobalt nitrate in solvent-free conditions, J. Chil. Chem. Soc. 2014, 1, 2311-2314. M. Nasr-Esfahani, S. J. Hosseini, M. Montazerozohori, R. Mehrabi, H. Nasrabadi, Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: efficient and recoverable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines and hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines under solvent-free conditions, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 2014, 382, 99-105. M. Nasr-Esfahani, T. Abdizadeh, Nanorod vanadatesulfuric acid as a novel, recyclable and heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzopyrans, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2013, 13, 5004- 5001. M. Nasr-Esfahani, S. J. Hosseini, F. Mohammadi, Fe3o4 nanoparticles as an efficient and magnetically recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under solvent-free conditions , Chin. J. Catal. 2011, 32, 1484-1489. Figure 1: promising compounds with quinoline ring Scheme 1:Synthesis ofdihydroquinoline-3,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives Table 1. Synthesis of 4-oxo-2-aryl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3,3(4H)-dicarbonitriles using AcOH Entry R Product Time 1 (h) Time 2 (h) Yield (%) a Mp ( °C) 8a 4-NO2 6 5 87 238-240 8b 4- Cl 6 6 87 201-204 8c 2,4- Cl2 6 6 84 177-179 8d 4- Br 6 8 74 217-225 8e 4- OMe 6 9 77 206-208 8f 4- Me 6 9 69 140-142 a Isolated yield. Scheme 2: Proposed mechanism for the formation of dihydroquinolines 8.

Essay examples --

Our world is made up of many diverse cultures. These cultures have influenced many aspects of this world that we live in today. Understanding and developing knowledge about these cultures is vitally important. Having the ability to understand other cultures will allow you to look deeper into your own cultural values. We will begin with looking at the nation’s largest minority group, which are the Hispanic Americans (Healey, 2012). The Hispanic Americans are divided into many groups. The three largest groups are the Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans (Healey, 2012) and these are the three that will be focused on. Mexican Americans are the largest Latino, or Hispanic American, group. There are many events that have had an influence on the Mexican American way of life. Immigration from Mexico flourished during the Mexico Revolution in 1910. Trouble was arising in Mexico and many people were fleeting hoping to stray away from the issues. After World War II, there was an increased demand for labor. This caused an increase in Mexican American immigration as well. The government of the United States fought back towards the immigration. â€Å"Operation Wetback† was put into place in the 1950s as a program in which almost 4 million Mexicans were deported. Mexican American’s privacy was vandalized, raided and broken into. Operation Wetback caused hard feelings towards Americans and has been a continuing issue for Mexican Americans to accept (Healey, 2012). One of the most significant changes in Mexican society came from the North American Trade Agreement, or NAFTA. In this agreement, th e U.S. began to move their factory operations to Mexico. Jobs were offered at factories along the board but the wages were decreased (Heale... ...us in the nation. According to McKenzie and Rouse (2013), â€Å"79% of African Americans say religion is very important in their lives.† African American religion is carried out in worship settings. They emphasize theology during their messages. The majority of African Americans are Protestant and classifying yourself in a group is highly valued in this society (McKenzie & Rouse, 2013). Just like religion is important in this culture, extended family is as well. The extended family of African Americans is typically described as close-knit. The blood ties of this culture are the strongest bonds. All adults are responsible for a child’s upbringing. They are part of the community and it is the adult’s job to help them grow. Roles and jobs are shared through out the family. Sharing roles and working together are seen as stabilizing factors within the home (Henderson, 1999).

Joints and Body Movements

Joints and Body Movements Laszlo Vass, Ed. D. Version 42-0014-00-01 Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement.Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints. In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. Basic lab precautions, including keep a clean workspace and washing your hand when dealing with raw poultry. In order to ensure that this occurs layout the equipment beforehand in a clean sterile environment and follow safe work practices.Exercise 1: Questions A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. Children’s heads needs to squeeze through the birth canal during delivery, humans during infancy have evolved with a soft skull composed of many different bony plates that meet at regions called cranial â€Å"sutures†. These sutures also allow the skull to grow rapidly during the first year of life, at which time the bones start to slowly fuse together. This allows the skull to continue to protect the skull during early development.B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? These joints are weight bearing and the joints provide stability and cushioning. Synarthrotic joint is to provide a stable union between bony sur faces. The suture and synchondrosis actually become more stable when ossification of the joint takes place. Exercise 2: Questions A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? Amphiarthroses provides an articulation between bony surfaces that permits limited motion and is connected by ligaments or elastic cartilage, such as that between the vertebrae.B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. Cartilaginous joints also form the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Exercise 3: Questions A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Plane joints permit sliding or gliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces.The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost fat, with movement limited by the ir tight joint capsules. B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthrosis permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints and the terms diarthrosis and synovial joint are considered equivalent. C. Which synovial joint is most movable? A ball and socket joint is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center.It enables the bone to move in a 360 ° angle. D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? Synovial joints all have synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, capsular ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves. Exercise 4: Questions A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? Inversion which is a gliding joint and provides little movement. B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury?Hinge joints in the elbow and knee contain a lot of anatomical structures packed into a tiny space and when challenged with heavy and constant use, it thus especially prone to injury and infection. C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed? As you perform flexion on your arm the triceps muscle relaxes. D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip?The muscles and joints of the shoulder allow it to move through a remarkable range of motion, making it the most mobile joint in the human body. The shoulder can abduct, adduct rotate, be raised in front of and behind the torso and move through a full 360 ° in the sagittal plane. Exercise 5: Observations Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints. Exercise 5: Questions A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle? The corresponding muscle will shrink due to the decreased activity tendon. This is because when the tendon is torn the area around the tendon ill not be in very much use until the tendon is repaired which can take a good while unless professionally handled. The muscle will go back to its original size once the tendon heals and the muscle is used more. B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons? Tendons heal faster than ligaments. The reason is that tendons are connected to the muscle, which will allow them to receive a larger blood flow. Ligaments are connected to bone which supplies less blood. Blood is the key -what carries nutrients in order to repair the tissue. C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments.Ligaments connect bone to bone and tendons connect bone to muscle. D. What is the function of fascia? It is responsible for maintaining structural, provides support and protection, and acts as a shock absorber. The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction to minimize the reduction of muscular force. Fasciae: a) Provide a sliding and gliding environment for muscles. b)Suspend organs in their proper place. c) Transmit movement from muscles to bones, and d) Provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles. [ E.What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles? It causes the breakdown of the cartilage in joints. It also called degenerative arthritis. Cartilage is the joint's cushion. It covers the ends of bones and allows free movement. If it becomes rough, frays, or wears away, bones grind against each other. As a result, the joint becomes irritated and inflamed. Sometimes the irritation causes abnormal bone growths, called spurs, which increase swelling. Conclusions Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other.Why is this relationship important to the underst anding of the skeletal and muscular systems? Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints

Beowulf vs Grendel Essay - 713 Words

The roles that Beowulf and Grendel played in the story were very easily deciphered. Beowulf being pure good, and Grendel being pure evil. One of the reasons of why the book â€Å"Beowulf† is so well known is because of the fact that it is one of the first stories of good vs. evil, or light vs. dark. In modern good and evil stories, there are super heroes with super powers. They use these powers for the good of the world and to help innocent people. In most cases there is a villain that oppose these super hero’s. They usually have powers as well but they use it for evil and wrongdoing. They usually face off and most of the time, the super hero wins over the villain. But none of these stories would have been here†¦show more content†¦He has been chosen to protect the world from evil. When this story was made, the author intended for it to be clear that Beowulf is supposed to be the hero of the story. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Grendel was the character that played the â€Å"villain† in the book. He killed innocent people for only the reason of that they were having a good time, and he wasn’t. He is pure evil and kills countless people for pretty much the fun of it. He was said to be able to pick up thirty men at a time. So no normal human could match his strength. In the book it’s very easy to understand that Grendel is pure evil. He is called â€Å"The Captain of evil†. It doesn’t get anymore obvious then that. Grendel is shown as a monster that cannot be stopped. He’s a powerful force that can run through anyone and everything. But not the Super Hero. He could never match the power of pure good. So when Grendel fought Beowulf, Beowulf tricked him in thinking he was asleep and as soon as Grendel got near him, Beowulf grabbed him. 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The poet makes it clear that good and evil doesn’t exist as only opposites, but that both qualities are present in everyone. Beowulf represents the ability to do good or to perform acts selflessly and in help of others. Goodness is also showed throughout this epic as having the ability to cleanse evil. Even though evil is presented by Grendel, Grendel s mother, and the dragon, who are filledRead MoreBeowulf: Themes1038 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf: Themes The Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf is the most important work of Old English literature, and is well deserved of the distinction. The epic tells the story of a hero, a Scandinavian prince named Beowulf, who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel, a descendent of Cain, and of his exploits fighting Grendel s mother and a Dragon. Throughout the epic, the Anglo-Saxon story teller uses many elements to build a certain depth to the characters. Just a few of the important character elementsRead MoreGood vs. Evil in Beowulf1456 Words   |  6 PagesGood vs. Evil in Beowulf Beowulf is longest and greatest early Anglo-Saxon poem which was composed in England sometime in the eighth century AD by a literate scop. This poem was created in the oral poetic tradition. This poem is considered as an epic because it is a long narrative poem which composed in an elevated style, dealing with the glories of hero (Tolkien 24). The setting of this epic is the six century in Denmark and southern Sweden. The protagonist, Beowulf is a noble warrior representsRead MoreA Summary of the Epic of Beowulf Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages Beowulf is a story that takes place in medieval Europe, the main part of the story is about a knight, Beowulf, who has to fight evil creatures such as a dragon. No one is exactly sure who wrote Beowulf, Paleographers believe that the soul surviving manuscript was copied down in the late tenth century or early eleventh. This early copy of Beowulf is still around today. This single manuscript can be found in the British Library in London. Scholars believe that the story itself was written between